James Edward Burton (born 21 August 1939 in Dubberly, Louisiana) is an American guitarist. A member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame since 2001 (his induction speech was given by longtime fan Keith Richards), Burton has also been recognized by the Rockabilly Hall of Fame and the Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum. Critic Mark Deming writes that "Burton has a well-deserved reputation as one of the finest guitar pickers in either country or rock... Burton is one of the best guitar players to ever touch a fretboard." He is ranked 19th in Rolling Stone's list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists.

Since the 1950s, Burton has recorded and performed with a multitude of singers, including Bob Luman, Dale Hawkins, Ricky Nelson, Elvis Presley (and was the leader of his band the TCB Band), The Everly Brothers, Johnny Cash, Merle Haggard, Glen Campbell, John Denver, Gram Parsons, Emmylou Harris, Judy Collins, Jerry Lee Lewis, Claude King, Elvis Costello, Joe Osborn, Roy Orbison, Joni Mitchell, Hoyt Axton, Townes Van Zandt, Steve Young, Vince Gill and Suzi Quatro.